• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An apparatus for feeding granular material to a plant for producing slabs or tiles, comprises a distributing station (2) equipped with a plane (4) and a plurality of distributing members (5) arranged above the deposition plane (4) for distributing a plurality of granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4) according to a preliminary distribution (PD). A compacting station (3) operatively arranged downstream of the distributing station (2) and provided with at least one receiving cassette (11) arranged to receive the preliminary distribution (PD) and shaped so that said granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4) are arranged according to a compacted final distribution (FD) corresponding to an aspect of a slab to be manufactured. The distributing members (5) comprise each at least one array (6) of dispensing nozzles or openings (7) of the relative granular material (P1, P2, P3, P4) transversely arranged in succession and drivable independently from each other. A control unit (10) is associated with said distributing station and configured to drive the distributing members (5) to distribute the relative granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4) on the deposition plane (4) depending on the shape of the final distribution (FD) and of a predetermined compaction ratio of said granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4).
    公开号:ES2855030A1
    申请号:ES202190015
    申请日:2019-09-19
    公开日:2021-09-23
    发明作者:Pichai Chiablaem；Terdwong Jamrussamee；Jirawat Leamnak；Anupol Pongkasud；Watthanakun Phabutta
    申请人:Scg Building Mat Co Ltd；SCG Building Materials Co Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] APPARATUS AND METHOD OF FEEDING GRANULAR MATERIAL TO A PLANT
    [0004] The present invention relates to an apparatus for feeding granular material to a plant for the production of slabs or tiles.
    [0005] Therefore, the present invention finds application in the field of the production of building materials, in particular, in the production of flat elements such as slabs, tiles, panels or, more generally, elements for paving or cladding buildings.
    [0006] In the following, all these elements will be named in their entirety slabs without any limiting intention.
    [0007] Furthermore, for ease of exposure and without any restrictive intent, the material to be formed will be referred to as "granular material". Therefore, this term defines both the powder itself, in the dry state, but also any other material suitable for forming slabs, such as, for example, slip, which is a mixture or suspension obtained from at least one powder and at least one liquid.
    [0008] The slabs are manufactured using known special systems, described below in their basic characteristics. The system generally comprises means for feeding the powders that extract the powders from special tanks and feed them to collection and transport means, for example a conveyor belt. The powders deposited in the collection and transport vehicles are compacted and sent to be cooked.
    [0009] With recent technical developments, also in this field it became possible to produce slabs with a variegated appearance, thanks to the proper mixing of a plurality of granular materials of different colors and / or granulometry.
    [0010] In particular, thanks to the use of high-performance print heads, it was possible to decorate precast slabs on the surface to recreate, on the exposed side, a design similar to the appearance of natural stones through the appropriate creation of veins or the like.
    [0011] This method, however, does not apply to the production of "full thickness" decorated slabs, where the "pattern" is not limited to the surface layer, but is visible throughout the thickness of the part.
    [0012] In other words, thanks to the use of known print heads, currently It is not possible to recreate slabs that completely reproduce the appearance of natural stones, thus limiting their use to applications that only expose the external face of the slab.
    [0013] To avoid this drawback, the applicant has recently developed a solution in which the streaks were generated by using a plurality of oscillating, hollow "fins" which, arranged along a chute, distribute a single streak of granular coloring material. within the flow of the "main" material, preliminarily deposited by means of a set of hoppers and later advanced.
    [0014] This solution, therefore, allows to manufacture slabs with "full thickness" veins, but the presence of fins arranged along a section of material advance considerably limits the patterns obtainable, which are actually limited to the presence of veins. unique of one or more different colors that extend within the slab.
    [0015] In other words, even if the appearance of compacted slabs is very similar to that of natural stones, the technologies available today do not allow to replicate the variety of shapes and colors available in nature.
    [0016] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for feeding granular material to a plant for the production of slabs or tiles capable of overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art mentioned above.
    [0017] In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for feeding granular material to a plant for the production of tiles with greater efficiency and versatility.
    [0018] More precisely, the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for feeding granular material to a plant for the production of slabs or tiles capable of allowing the manufacture of products with the appearance of natural stones.
    [0019] Said objects are achieved by an apparatus for feeding granular material to a plant for producing slabs or tiles having the technical characteristics of one or more of the subsequent claims 1 to 22, as well as a method for feeding granular material to a plant for production of slabs or tiles having the characteristics of one or more of claims 23 to 26.
    [0020] In particular, said objects are achieved by an apparatus for feeding granular material to a plant for the production of slabs or tiles comprising a distribution station and a compaction station.
    [0021] Preferably, the distribution station comprises a deposition plane and a plurality of distribution elements arranged above the deposition plane and configured to distribute a plurality of granular materials in said plane.
    [0022] It should be noted that preferably the granular materials are different from each other and may differ from each other, for example, in color, in granulometry, in type or in two or more of these parameters.
    [0023] Preferably, the deposition plane runs along at least one longitudinal direction and at least one transverse direction.
    [0024] Preferably, furthermore, the distribution elements are arranged above the deposition plane to distribute a plurality of granular materials in said plane according to a preliminary distribution.
    [0025] Preferably, the compaction station is operatively arranged downstream of said distribution station and is provided with at least one receiver cassette arranged to receive said preliminary distribution and shaped so that said granular materials are arranged according to a final compacted distribution corresponding to an aspect of the slab to be manufactured.
    [0026] According to one aspect of the present invention, each of the distribution elements comprises at least one set of dispensing nozzles or openings of the relative granular material arranged in succession along said transverse direction and independently operable from each other.
    [0027] Advantageously, the presence of a succession of sets of dispensing nozzles or openings that can be actuated independently of each other allows the operator to vary the distribution of the individual granular materials in the distribution plane in a completely arbitrary way, simply by varying the actuation of the nozzles / individual openings.
    [0028] This makes it possible to significantly increase the flexibility of the apparatus, which has the possibility to quickly and easily change the preliminary distribution.
    [0029] It should be noted that hereinafter in the present text, specific reference will be made to the presence of "nozzles", by this term meaning both nozzles in the strict sense and simple opening / dispensing nozzles.
    [0030] Preferably, furthermore, the presence of a control unit associated with said distribution station is provided and configured to actuate said distribution elements to distribute the relative granular materials in the deposition plane depending on the shape of said final distribution and a relationship of predetermined compaction of said granular materials.
    [0031] Therefore, the preliminary distribution and the final distribution are closely related to each other.
    [0032] In other words, a single amount of A-shaped material will correspond to occupies a first volume XYZ in the deposition plane, in the cassette, with a single quantity of material:
    [0033] - which has a shape of B attributable to A;
    [0034] - which occupies a second volume n * X'Y'Z ', where "n" is the compaction ratio, Z' is the thickness of the cassette and X'Y 'are the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the amount of material A modified depending on the thickness, the compaction ratio and the shape of the amount of granular material previously deposited in the cassette.
    [0035] In this sense, the control unit is preferably configured to acquire a representative image of said final distribution of the granular materials and to operate the distribution station as a function of said image.
    [0036] More precisely, the control unit is configured to correlate the colors of said image with the colors of said granular materials and to operate said distribution station as a function of said correlation.
    [0037] It should be noted that each nozzle in a set is configured to distribute granular material over a predetermined operating area having a predetermined surface extent.
    [0038] Preferably, the control unit is configured to recalibrate a definition of said image as a function of the number of nozzles in each set and the surface extent of the operating area of each nozzle.
    [0039] Advantageously, in this way, the definition of the imparted image corresponds to the definition that can be determined by means of the nozzles.
    [0040] In particular, the control unit is configured to determine (show or not to an operator) a grid that defines said image. preferably, the grid is formed by a plurality of individual boxes of homogeneous dimension arranged in a predetermined number of rows, parallel to said transverse direction, and in a predetermined number of columns, parallel to said longitudinal direction.
    [0041] Preferably, the dimension of the individual boxes corresponds to said surface extent of the operating area of each nozzle.
    [0042] Preferably, the predetermined number of columns is equal to or less than the number of nozzles that make up each set.
    [0043] Preferably, the distribution station further comprises a movement system configured to determine a relative movement between said distribution elements and said plane along said longitudinal direction.
    [0044] More preferably, the movement system comprises a conveyor belt that defines said deposition plane and can be moved along said direction. longitudinal.
    [0045] Preferably, the control unit is configured to calibrate a forward speed of said movement system as a function of the shape of said final distribution and of a predetermined compaction ratio of said granular materials.
    [0046] Preferably, the compaction station comprises a discharge device configured to release the granular material within the cassette in a plane of the conveyor.
    [0047] Said unloading device comprises a mobile conveyor parallel to said longitudinal direction, in which said control unit is configured to calibrate a movement speed of said conveyor according to said advance speed of said movement system.
    [0048] Advantageously, in this way it is possible to precisely control the sliding of the material, preventing the cassette from clogging.
    [0049] With reference to the cassette, it should be noted that it has a parallelepiped shape developing along a first, a second and a third dimension, orthogonal to each other, where the first dimension corresponds to a thickness of the slab or tile to be manufactured and it has a significantly smaller extension compared to the second and third dimensions.
    [0050] This cassette comprises a feeding mouth having an extension defined by said first and said second dimensions and oriented towards said distribution station to receive the granular material by gravity.
    [0051] Preferably, the cassette also has a first pair of side walls orthogonal to the feed mouth and defined by the second and third dimensions of the cassette, wherein at least one of said side walls is at least partially slidable along one direction. of advance parallel to the third dimension.
    [0052] More preferably, the control unit is configured to calibrate a sliding speed of said at least one side wall according to said speed of movement of said movement system.
    [0053] Advantageously, in this way all the advancement speeds of the apparatus are controlled and related, to allow a continuous advance of the granular material and directly govern the variations to be made in real time.
    [0054] It should be noted that the cassette also has a second pair of side walls defined by the first and third dimensions of the cassette.
    [0055] Preferably, the walls of said first pair and / or the walls of said second pair are mutually movable towards and away from each other to adjust said first and said second dimension of the cassette.
    [0056] Advantageously, being able to arbitrarily actuate the distribution members not only in relation to the flow rate, but also to the definition of the active or non-active nozzles, this translates into a considerable increase in production flexibility, since the same plant You can provide for the fabrication of slabs of different sizes without substantial structural changes (except adjusting the cassette walls).
    [0057] According to another aspect of the present invention, complementary or alternative to those described so far, the cassette comprises, at least one side wall of the first pair, a curved end portion (distal to the access mouth).
    [0058] Advantageously, this makes it possible to soften the passage from the substantially vertical orientation of the cassette to the substantially horizontal orientation of the plane of the conveyor, guaranteeing the maintenance in a thickness corresponding to the first dimension of the cassette.
    [0059] Preferably, both walls of the first pair have respective curved end portions substantially parallel to each other (or concentric) to keep the mutual distance equal to the first dimension of the cassette (ie, the thickness of the slab).
    [0060] In this embodiment, therefore, one side wall has a first curved end portion, which has a smaller radius of curvature, and the other side wall has a second curved end portion, which has a greater radius of curvature.
    [0061] According to an optional aspect of the invention, the ratio between the smallest radius of curvature and the first dimension of the cassette is between 0.5 and 4, more preferably between 1 and 4, even more preferably between 2 and 3.
    [0062] Surprisingly, in fact, although the provision of a limited curvature between the cassette and the conveyor plane is suggested in the literature, the applicant has verified experimentally that in the presence of high slab thicknesses, the increase in the radius of curvature smaller ( and also of the greater) it carries considerable advantages to maintain the original distribution of the granular material.
    [0063] The object of the present invention is also a method for feeding granular material to a plant for the production of slabs or tiles, preferably, but not necessarily, obtained by means of the apparatus described above.
    [0064] The method provides the distribution of the granular materials in said plane according to the preliminary distribution and discharges said preliminary distribution into the cassette so that the granular materials are compacted and arranged according to a final compacted distribution.
    [0065] According to one aspect of the invention, the distribution of the materials granular is made as a function of the shape of said final distribution and of a predetermined compaction ratio of said granular materials.
    [0066] Preferably, an acquisition (or generation) of a representative image of said final distribution of the granular materials is provided.
    [0067] Then, one or more colors of said image are correlated with said coloration of said granular materials.
    [0068] In other words, two or more colors are identified in the image, which are correlated with the coloration of said granular materials.
    [0069] Therefore, this correlation step is performed by assigning each color detected in the image a predetermined combination of one or more colors of the granular materials.
    [0070] Therefore, the correlation can be direct (color x = colorant y) or combined, in which one color corresponds to a predetermined mixture of two or more colorants.
    [0071] Therefore, the distribution station is operated as a function of said correlation (and said compaction ratio) to define the preliminary distribution in the plane.
    [0072] It should be noted that the method is preferably configured to recalibrate a definition of said acquired image depending on the number of nozzles in each set and the extent of the surface of the operating area of each nozzle.
    [0073] In other words, regardless of the actual definition of the image loaded or acquired, the method consists of recalibrating it according to the number of nozzles and the dimension of the operating area, so that each "pixel" of the recalibrated image corresponds to a single nozzle operating area.
    [0074] Advantageously, in this way, it is possible to determine in an absolutely arbitrary and independent way the coloration / tonality of each pixel by combining the actuation of the nozzles of the same row and the advancement of the deposition plane in an appropriate manner.
    [0075] In fact, by distributing a different quantity of one or more materials in the same portion of the plane, it is possible to determine the tonality of each point of the plane that defines the tonality of the slab throughout its entire thickness, after deposition. on the cassette.
    [0076] In this sense, it should be noted that also by superimposing two layers of different granular materials in the same point of the plane, after unloading these materials inside the cassette at an appropriate angle with respect to the plane, a mixture of the powders is obtained. so that a new tonality resulting from the mix is recreated on the cassette. Also, the possibility of alternating or mixing two or more materials Different granules in the deposition plane advantageously make it possible to obtain shades or gradual color variations more comparable to natural stones.
    [0077] These and other characteristics, with the relative advantages, will become more apparent from the following illustrative description, therefore not limiting, of a preferred, therefore non-exclusive, embodiment of an apparatus and a method for feeding granular materials to a plant for the production of slabs and tiles according to what is illustrated in the attached figures, where:
    [0078] figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an apparatus for feeding granular material to a plant for the production of slabs or tiles according to the present invention;
    [0079] figure 2 is a schematic side view of the apparatus of figure 1;
    [0080] figure 3 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of an apparatus for feeding granular material to a plant for the production of tiles according to the present invention;
    [0081] Figures 4, 5 and 6 show a schematic and partial side view of the apparatus for feeding granular material to a plant for the production of slabs or tiles according to the present invention in three different variants;
    [0082] - figure 4a shows a detail of figure 4.
    [0083] With reference to the attached figures, number 1 indicates an apparatus for feeding granular material to a plant for the production of tiles according to the present invention.
    [0084] It should be remembered that, in this text, the term "slabs or tiles" is used to define any tile, tile, panel or, more generally, an element for paving, cladding or covering buildings.
    [0085] Additionally, the term "granular material" defines both the powder itself, in the dry state, as well as any other material suitable for the formation of slabs, such as, for example, slip, which is a mixture or suspension obtained from at least one powder and at least one liquid.
    [0086] Given the above, the feeding apparatus 1 described below is a granular material compaction and distribution system arranged to determine the appearance, in terms of material distribution, of a slab.
    [0087] The apparatus 1 comprises a distribution station 2 and a compaction station 3.
    [0088] The distribution station 2 is preferably provided with a deposition plane 4, a plurality of distribution elements 5 and a control unit 10 associated with them.
    [0089] The deposition plane 4 extends along at least one longitudinal direction X and at least one transverse direction Y. Preferably, this plane 4 is substantially horizontal.
    [0090] The distribution elements 5 are arranged above the deposition plane 4 to distribute in said plane a plurality of granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4 of different colors according to a preliminary distribution PP.
    [0091] The term "colorant" means that the two or more granular materials present in the machine have different colors or shades, so that their combination / distribution leads to the reproduction of a mottled and veined pattern, similar to that of natural stones. .
    [0092] The compaction station 3, on the other hand, is operatively arranged downstream of the distribution station 2 and is provided with at least one reception cassette 11 arranged to receive said preliminary distribution PP and shaped so that said granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4 are arranged according to a final compacted distribution FD, corresponding to an aspect of the slab to be manufactured.
    [0093] Preferably, the distribution elements 5 are arranged in succession along the longitudinal direction X of the deposition plane 4, to allow each to release the respective granular material along the plane 4.
    [0094] In this sense, the presence of a movement system 16 configured to determine a relative movement between the distribution elements 5 and the plane 4 along said longitudinal direction X is also preferably provided.
    [0095] In the preferred embodiment, the movement system 16 comprises a conveyor belt 17 that defines the deposition plane 4 and is movable along said longitudinal direction X between a first end 17a and a second end 17b.
    [0096] The second end 17b faces the compaction station 3 to discharge the preliminary distribution PP into said cassette 11.
    [0097] Alternatively, however, the movement system 16 could provide movement of the distribution elements along the longitudinal direction X.
    [0098] To promote a homogeneous distribution of the granular material from the distribution station 2 to the cassette 11, in a preferred embodiment the presence of a deflector bulkhead 19 arranged to intercept the granular material released by the distribution station 2 distributing it in the cassette.
    [0099] More precisely, bulkhead 19 is located along a path of falling of the granular material from the distribution station 2 towards a relative feeding mouth 11a oriented towards it.
    [0100] In this way, it is advantageously possible to intercept the falling material, avoiding localized accumulation of the same in a single area of the cassette 11 (typically on a wall distal to the distribution station 2).
    [0101] In the embodiment shown schematically in Figure 6, the bulkhead 19 is defined by a diaphragm oriented orthogonally to the longitudinal direction X and inclined with respect to both the conveyor 17 and the cassette 11. This diaphragm is positioned so that a point of impact of the granular material is located along a vertical projection of a median plane of the cassette 11.
    [0102] It should be noted that, preferably, each distribution element 5 comprises at least one set 6 of dispensing nozzles or openings 7 of the relative granular material P1, P2, P3, P4 arranged in succession along said transverse direction Y and independently operable from each other .
    [0103] In other words, each distribution element 5 is defined by a bar or cross member transverse to the deposition plane 4 and provided with a plurality of nozzles or openings, to distribute the granular material over the entire "useful width" of the plane 4.
    [0104] Also, since the nozzles (or the openings) can be operated independently of each other, it is advantageously possible to differentiate along the entire plane 4 the distribution of the individual granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4 thus allowing maximum discretion and freedom in defining the preliminary distribution PP.
    [0105] It should be noted that hereinafter in the present text, reference will be made specifically to the presence of "nozzles 7", by this term meaning both nozzles in the strict sense and simple opening / dispensing nozzles.
    [0106] Each of the distribution elements 5 is associated with a tank 9 of a predetermined granular material P1, P2, P3, P4, to allow a continuous feed to each nozzle 7.
    [0107] It should be noted that, in the preferred embodiment, each nozzle 7 of each set 6 can be selectively switched between a stop condition and a dispensing condition and comprises a dispensing valve 8.
    [0108] This valve 8 can be actuated in an open position or in a closed position. Preferably, the valve 8 comprises a conduit that develops along its own main direction to an outlet mouth, corresponding to the nozzle or opening 7.
    [0109] In the preferred embodiment, this conduit comprises at least one wall deformable movable between an operating position, where it determines the creation of a restriction in the duct that prevents the flow of granular material towards the outlet (closed position), and a rest position, where it allows the flow of printing material towards the outlet (open position).
    [0110] In the stop condition, the control unit 10 operates the valve 8 of the nozzle 7 to keep it in said closed position.
    [0111] On the contrary, in the dispensing condition, the control unit 10 operates each nozzle 7 with a succession of duty cycles in which the valve can be selectively opened or closed and the flow rate of granular material P1, P2, P3, P4 of the single nozzle is proportional to the length of the opening intervals within each duty cycle.
    [0112] More precisely, each duty cycle consists of an opening interval, where valve 8 is actuated in said open position, and a closing interval, where valve 8 is actuated in said closed position.
    [0113] The length of the opening interval relative to the closing interval within each duty cycle determines the flow rate of granular material P1, P2, P3, P4 dispensed by the single nozzle.
    [0114] Therefore, it is advantageously possible to determine the flow rate of the dispensed material and, consequently, the amount of each material deposited in a predetermined area of the plane 4 with a simple calibration of the length of these intervals.
    [0115] Likewise, the control unit 10 is preferably associated with the movement system 16 and is configured to also calibrate a forward speed of said movement system 16 depending on the shape of said final distribution FP and the predetermined compaction ratio of said granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4.
    [0116] Therefore, the control unit 10 is configured to actuate the distribution elements 5 and the movement system 16 in a coordinated manner.
    [0117] According to one aspect of the present invention, the control unit 10 is configured to actuate said distribution elements 5 to distribute the relative granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4 in the deposition plane 4 according to the shape of said final distribution FP and with a predetermined compaction ratio of said granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4.
    [0118] In other words, given the final distribution FP, the control unit 10 is programmed to calculate the geometry of the preliminary distribution PP and configured to drive the distribution station accordingly.
    [0119] In particular, the control unit 10 is configured to:
    [0120] - singularly actuate the nozzles 7 of each set 6;
    [0121] - calibrating an advance speed of said movement system 16 as a function of the shape of said final distribution FP and of the compaction ratio of said granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4.
    [0122] The compaction ratio is defined as the ratio between the volume occupied by a predetermined quantity of granular material in plane 4 and the volume occupied by the same quantity of granular material in cassette 11.
    [0123] Preferably, this compaction ratio is calculated empirically, according to one or more of the following parameters:
    [0124] - type of granular material,
    [0125] - granulometry of the granular material,
    [0126] - dimension of the nozzles;
    [0127] - distribution of the nozzles;
    [0128] - environmental conditions.
    [0129] Preferably, the control unit 10 is further configured to acquire an IM image representative of the final FP distribution of the granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4 for processing and operating the stations.
    [0130] This IM image is preferably a drawing or a photograph representative of the final appearance of the slab or tile to be produced.
    [0131] In other words, the IM image is a representation of the slab as it is desired to be manufactured.
    [0132] Likewise, the control unit 1 is configured to correlate the colors of said IM image with the coloration of the granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4 available in the distribution elements 5 and to control the distribution station 2 as a function of said correlation.
    [0133] This correlation is preferably done by assigning to each color detected in the image a predetermined combination of one or more colorants of the granular materials.
    [0134] Therefore, the correlation can be direct (color x = colorant y) or combined, in which one color corresponds to a predetermined mixture of two or more colorants.
    [0135] Advantageously, since a perfect correspondence between the type and number of shades of the image and the type and number of shades available is not always possible, this makes it possible to recreate the best possible approximation of the desired shades as a function of the coloration available.
    [0136] The control unit 10 preferably comprises a user interface 10a configured to allow a user to make and / or upload said IM image.
    [0137] In this way, the user / operator has the possibility to advantageously use the images at his disposal, for example, photographs of natural stones with particular veins, or he can recreate a distribution of the veins and colors according to customer requests.
    [0138] This user interface 10a is further configured to allow the operator to determine (manually or automatically) the correlation between the colors of said IM image and the colors of said granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4. By way of example, in embodiments where the image has colors ranging from white to red, passing through at least one light pink hue and one dark pink hue, through the user interface 10a, the operator has the ability to define that:
    [0139] - the white color corresponds to the granular material of a first distribution element; - the red color corresponds to the granular material of a second distribution element; - the light pink hue corresponds to a combination of the two granular materials of the two distribution elements with opening intervals of 70 % and 30 % of the duty cycle, respectively;
    [0140] - the dark pink hue corresponds to a combination of the two granular materials of the two distribution elements with opening intervals of 30% and 70% of the duty cycle, respectively.
    [0141] According to another (optional) aspect of the invention, the control unit 10 is further configured to recalibrate a definition of said image depending on the number of nozzles 7 in each set and the extent of the surface of an operating area of each nozzle 7. By "definition" we mean in the present to define the number of points (pixels) that make up the image, that is its "cyberdimension".
    [0142] It should be noted, in fact, that each nozzle 7 of a set 6 is configured to distribute a granular material P1, P2, P3, P4 over a predetermined operating area having a predetermined surface extension.
    [0143] In this way, the control unit advantageously adjusts the definition of the image based on the definition obtained thanks to the distribution of the nozzles 7. In fact, a higher definition will correspond to a greater number of nozzles 7 arranged in the set 6 per unit. of length.
    [0144] The control unit 10 is preferably configured to determine a definition grid G for said image formed by a plurality of individual boxes P of homogeneous dimension and arranged in:
    [0145] - a predetermined number of rows R, parallel to said transverse direction Y,
    [0146] - a predetermined number of columns C) parallel to said longitudinal direction X.
    [0147] The dimension of the individual boxes corresponds substantially to the extent of the surface of the operating area of each nozzle 7.
    [0148] Instead, the predetermined number of columns C is equal to or less than the number of nozzles 7 that make up each set 6. For slabs with maximum width, the number of columns C will be equal to the number of nozzles.
    [0149] To make smaller slabs, it will be possible to use fewer nozzles, reducing the number of grid columns.
    [0150] With reference to the compaction station 3, the cassette 11 has a parallelepiped shape that develops along a first, a second and a third dimension, orthogonal to each other.
    [0151] The first dimension corresponds to a thickness of the slab or tile to be manufactured and is significantly less than the second and third dimensions.
    [0152] In particular, the second dimension corresponds to the width of the slab or tile to be manufactured, that is the dimension transverse to the direction of advance of the granular material.
    [0153] The cassette 11 comprises the feed mouth 11a and has a first and a second pair of lateral walls orthogonal to the feed mouth 11a.
    [0154] The feed mouth 11a has an extension that defines said first and second dimensions.
    [0155] The first pair of side walls 14 define the second and third dimensions of the cassette 11.
    [0156] The second pair of side walls 15 defines the first and third dimensions of the cassette 11.
    [0157] Preferably, the feeding mouth 11a is in front of said distribution station 2 to receive the granular material by gravity.
    [0158] Therefore, at least in a condition to receive the material, the feeding mouth 11a is located at a lower level with respect to the second end 17b of the conveyor belt 17 (or more generally of the plane 4).
    [0159] Preferably, the distance between the second end 17b of the conveyor belt 17 and the feed mouth 11a is less than 30 cm.
    [0160] More preferably, this distance is between 5 cm and 30 cm; It should be noted in this regard that it is desirable to have a certain "space" between the second end 17b of the conveyor belt 17 and the feed mouth 11a to promote mixing between the superimposed granular materials during distribution.
    [0161] Preferably, the third dimension of the cassette 11 is coplanar with the longitudinal direction X of the plane 4 (if evaluated along its center line) and develops transversely, preferably orthogonally, to said longitudinal direction X. In the preferred and illustrated embodiment, this third dimension is substantially vertical.
    [0162] Preferably, the walls 14 of said first pair and / or the walls 15 of said second pair are mutually movable towards and away from each other to adjust said first and said second dimensions of the cassette 11.
    [0163] In other words, the cassette 11 has a dimension that can be adjusted by translating the walls of at least one, preferably each, first or second pair of side walls 14, 15 toward or away from each other to quickly change the size of the slab to produce.
    [0164] Advantageously, being able to arbitrarily actuate the distribution members not only in relation to the flow rate, but also to the definition of the active or non-active nozzles, this translates into a considerable increase in production flexibility, since the same plant You can provide for the fabrication of slabs of different sizes without substantial structural changes (except adjusting the cassette walls).
    [0165] Also, at least one of the side walls 14 of the first pair is preferably at least partially slidable along a direction of advance parallel to the third dimension.
    [0166] In the preferred embodiment, said wall 14 is defined at least in part by a belt 14a 'or by a conveyor movable along the third dimension and selectively operable by means of the control unit 10.
    [0167] Therefore, the control unit 10 is configured to calibrate a sliding speed of said at least one side wall 14 according to said speed of movement of said movement system 16.
    [0168] Even more preferably, with reference to the embodiment shown in Figure 5, both walls 14 of the first pair of side walls are at least partially defined by a belt 14a ', 14a "or by a moving conveyor along the third dimension and selectively operable by the control unit 10. In particular, preferably both belts 14a ', 14a "or the conveyors are operated with the same advance speed so as not to affect the distribution of the granular material carried out upstream.
    [0169] In the preferred embodiment, the cassette 11 comprises a first belt 14a 'or a conveyor movable along the third dimension and having a rectilinear section 20 that defines a wall of the first pair 14 proximal to the distribution station 2.
    [0170] Preferably, the cassette 11 comprises a second belt 14a "or a conveyor oriented towards the first belt 14a 'to define a wall of the first pair 14 distal to the distribution station 2.
    [0171] The second belt 14a "preferably comprises a first rectilinear section 21, which runs along the third dimension and defines said wall 14, and a second section 22, preferably also rectilinear and transverse (more preferably orthogonal) to the first section 21 .
    [0172] In the preferred embodiment, the first section 21 and the second rectilinear section 22 are connected to each other by a curved portion 18b, preferably defined by the sliding of said belt on an idler roller interposed between the two rectilinear sections 21,22.
    [0173] The compaction station 3 further comprises a discharge device 12 configured to release the granular material within the cassette in a plane of the conveyor 12a.
    [0174] In this way, it is advantageously possible to operate substantially continuously, without the need for interruptions to empty the cassette 11.
    [0175] In the preferred embodiment, the discharge device 12 comprises a mobile conveyor 13 parallel to said longitudinal direction X.
    [0176] In other words, the plane of the conveyor 12a is substantially horizontal, or anyway angled / transverse to the cassette 11 to receive the granular material P1, P2, P3, P4 distributed according to the final distribution FR and conveys it in successive stations (for example, oven).
    [0177] Preferably, with reference to the embodiment illustrated in figure 5, the second rectilinear section 22 of the second belt 14a "is parallel to said plane of the conveyor 12a and, more preferably, separated from it by an amount corresponding to the first dimension of the cassette. 11 (that is, the thickness of the slab).
    [0178] In this embodiment, the conveyor plane 12 and the second belt 14a "(as well as the first 14a ') are driven at the same forward speed.
    [0179] Advantageously, such continuity of movement between the cassette 11 and the plane of the conveyor 12 facilitates a correct exit of the granular material and facilitates the maintenance of a correct distribution thereof.
    [0180] In this sense, the cassette 11 preferably comprises, at least one side wall of the first pair 14, a curved end portion 18a (distal to the access port 11a).
    [0181] This curved end portion 18a advantageously has the purpose of smoothing the passage from the substantially vertical orientation of the cassette 11 to the orientation substantially horizontal to the plane of the conveyor 12a, ensuring that it is maintained at a thickness corresponding to the first dimension of the cassette.
    [0182] The curved end portion 18a, in fact, prevents the establishment of a thicker section in the inversion zone between the cassette 11 and the plane of the conveyor 12a.
    [0183] Preferably, both walls 14 of the first pair have respective curved end portions 18a, 18b that are substantially parallel to each other (to keep the mutual distance equal to the first dimension "b").
    [0184] In this embodiment, therefore, one side wall 14 has a first curved end portion 18a, which has a greater radius of curvature "c", and the other side wall 14 has a second curved end portion 18b, which has a smallest radius of curvature "a". The greater radius of curvature "c" preferably corresponds to the sum between the smaller radius of curvature "a" and the first dimension "b" (that is, the thickness of the cassette 11).
    [0185] With reference to Figures 4 and 4a, the first curved end portion 18a corresponds to the curved portion of the second tape 14a ".
    [0186] According to an optional aspect of the invention, the ratio between the smallest radius of curvature "a" (in the numerator) and the first dimension "b" (in the denominator) is between 0.5 and 4, preferably between 1 and 4. Even more preferably, this ratio is between 2 and 3.
    [0187] In other words, the ratio between the smaller radius of curvature "a" (in the numerator) and the greater radius of curvature "c" (in the denominator) is between 0.33 and 0.8, preferably between 0.5 and 0.8.
    [0188] In the preferred embodiment, the ratio between the minor radius of curvature "a" and the major radius of curvature "c" is between 0.65 and 0.75.
    [0189] Therefore, the relationship between the first dimension "b" (in the numerator) and the largest radius of curvature "c" (in the denominator) is between 0.2 and 0.66, preferably between 0.2 and 0 5, more preferably between 0.2 and 0.33.
    [0190] In the preferred embodiment, the ratio of the first dimension "b" to the major radius of curvature "c" is between 0.25 and 0.33.
    [0191] Preferably, the cassette 11 has a first dimension "b" less than or equal to 40 mm and the relationship between the first dimension "b" and the minor radius of curvature "a" is between 0.5 and 4.
    [0192] Alternatively, the cassette 11 may have a first dimension "b" greater than 40 mm, where the relationship between the first dimension "b" and the radius of curvature smaller "a" is between 2 and 3.
    [0193] Surprisingly, although the provision of a limited curvature between the cassette and the conveyor plane is suggested in the literature, the applicant has verified experimentally that in the presence of high slab thicknesses, the increase in the smaller radius of curvature (and also of the higher) has considerable advantages in maintaining the original distribution of the granular material.
    [0194] It should be noted that the control unit 10 is preferably configured to calibrate a speed of movement of said conveyor 13 depending on said speed of advance of said movement system 16.
    [0195] In the preferred embodiment, the control unit 10 is configured to keep the speed of movement of the conveyor 13 lower than the speed of advance of the movement system 16 to maximize compaction of the granular material.
    [0196] The object of the present invention is also a method for feeding granular material to a plant for the production of slabs or tiles, preferably, but not necessarily, obtained by means of the apparatus 1 described above.
    [0197] In this sense, and without losing generality, in the following description of the method object of the invention, the terminology and numerical references used up to now in the description of the apparatus will be maintained, where possible and mutatis mutandis.
    [0198] The method provides the distribution of the granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4 in the deposition plane 4 according to the preliminary distribution PP and to discharge said preliminary distribution PP inside the cassette 11 so that the granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4 are compacted and arranged according to the final compacted distribution FP.
    [0199] According to one aspect of the invention, the distribution of the granular materials is carried out as a function of the shape of said final distribution FP and of the predetermined compaction ratio of said granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4.
    [0200] In a similar way to what was described above, the granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4 are of different color, where the term "colorant" means that the two or more granular materials present in the machine are provided with different colors or shades. , so that their combination / distribution leads to the reproduction of a motley and veined pattern, similar to that of natural stones.
    [0201] Preferably, the acquisition (or generation) of an IM image representative of the final distribution FP of the granular materials from which the preliminary distribution PP is determined.
    [0202] Preferably, one or more colors of the IM image are correlated with the relative coloration of said granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4.
    [0203] In other words, two or more colors are identified in the image, which are correlated with the coloration of said granular materials.
    [0204] This correlation step, already described in detail above, therefore, is carried out by assigning to each color detected in the image a predetermined combination of one or more colorants of the granular materials.
    [0205] Therefore, this correlation provides the definition of which coloration or combination of coloration available of the granular materials P1, P2, P3, P4, corresponds to a given color of the image.
    [0206] The correlation can be direct (color x = colorant y) or combined, in which one color corresponds to a predetermined mixture of two or more colorants. After the acquisition and correlation of the IM image, which can be performed automatically or by an operator, the distribution station is operated as a function of said correlation and said compaction ratio to define the preliminary distribution in the plane.
    [0207] The method is preferably configured to recalibrate a definition of said acquired image depending on the number of nozzles in each set and the extent of the surface of the operating area of each nozzle.
    [0208] In other words, regardless of the actual definition of the image loaded or acquired, the method consists of recalibrating it according to the number of nozzles and the dimension of the operating area, so that each "pixel" of the recalibrated image corresponds to a single nozzle operating area.
    [0209] In this way, advantageously, it is possible to parameterize the distribution of the granular material of the individual nozzles in a directly proportional way to the chromatic content of a single box of the recalibration grid.
    [0210] The invention achieves the intended objectives and achieves important advantages.
    [0211] In fact, the provision of a control unit capable of calculating the preliminary distribution of the granular materials in the plane based on the desired appearance of the tile and of activating the distribution station accordingly, allows to control the definition with precision and extreme flexibility. of the slab "pattern", maintaining a structure capable of creating full thickness veins.
    [0212] Advantageously, in this way, it is possible to determine in an absolutely arbitrary and independent way the coloration / tonality of each pixel by combining the actuation of the nozzles of the same row and the advancement of the deposition plane in an appropriate manner.
    [0213] In fact, by distributing a different quantity of one or more materials in the same portion of the plane, it is possible to determine the tonality of each point of the plane that defines the tonality of the slab through the entire thickness of the slab, after deposition in the cassette.
    [0214] In this sense, it should be noted that also by superimposing two layers of different granular materials in the same point of the plane, after unloading these materials inside the cassette at an appropriate angle with respect to the plane, a mixture of the powders is obtained. so that a new tonality resulting from the mix is recreated on the cassette. Likewise, the possibility of alternating or mixing two or more different granular materials in the deposition plane allows, advantageously, to obtain shades or gradual color variations more comparable to natural stones.
    [0215] In addition, the provision of movement means that can be operated independently along the entire trajectory of the granular material, from the deposition plane to the conveyor plane, allows to precisely regulate the output of the material, avoiding possible jams and guaranteeing the continuity of the process.
    [0216] In addition, the use of transverse sets of nozzles can be actuated independently allows the "useful" width of the distribution station to be varied by means of simple software commands, facilitating the rapid implementation of size changes, which implies a considerable advantage in terms productivity and flexibility.
    权利要求:
    Claims (27)
    [1]
    1. Apparatus for feeding granular material to a plant for the production of slabs or tiles, comprising:
    - a distribution station (2) equipped with:
    - a deposition plane (4) extending along at least one longitudinal direction (X) and at least one transverse direction (Y);
    - a plurality of distribution elements (5) arranged on the deposition plane (4) to distribute a plurality of granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4) in said plane according to a preliminary distribution (PD);
    - a compaction station (3) operatively arranged downstream of said distribution station (2) provided with at least one reception cassette (11) arranged to receive said preliminary distribution (PD) and shaped so that said granular materials (P1 , P2, P3, P4) are arranged according to a final compacted distribution (FD) corresponding to an aspect of a slab to be manufactured;
    characterized in that each of said distribution elements (5) comprises at least one set (6) of dispensing nozzles or openings (7) of the relative granular material (P1, P2, P3, P4) arranged in succession along said transverse direction (Y) and can be operated independently of each other,
    and because it comprises a control unit (10) associated with said distribution station (2) and configured to operate said distribution elements (5) to distribute the relative granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4) in the plane of deposition (4) depending on the shape of said final distribution (FD) and on a predetermined compaction ratio of said granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4).
    [2]
    Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said control unit (10) is also configured to:
    - acquiring an image (IM) representative of said final distribution (FD) of the granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4);
    - correlating the colors of said image (IM) with the colors of said granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4);
    - operating said distribution station (2) according to said correlation.
    [3]
    Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that said control unit (10) comprises a user interface (10a) configured to allow a user: - making and / or uploading said image (IM) representative of said final distribution (FD) of granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4);
    - determining said correlation between the colors of said image (IM) and the colors of said granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4).
    [4]
    Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that each nozzle or opening (7) of a set (6) is configured to distribute a granular material (P1, P2, P3, P4) in a predetermined operating area that has a predetermined surface extent; said control unit (10) being configured to recalibrate a definition of said image (IM) as a function of the number of nozzles or openings (7) of each set (6) and the surface extension of the operative area of each nozzle or opening ( 7).
    [5]
    Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the control unit (10) is configured to determine a grid (G) to define said image (IM) formed by a plurality of individual boxes (P) of homogeneous dimension arranged in a predetermined number of rows (R), parallel to said transverse direction (Y), and a predetermined number of columns (C), parallel to said longitudinal direction (X), where:
    - said dimension of the individual boxes corresponds to said surface extension of the operative area of each nozzle or opening (7);
    - said predetermined number of columns (C) is equal to or less than the number of nozzles or openings (7) that make up each set (6).
    [6]
    Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each nozzle or opening (7) of each assembly (6) can be selectively switched between a stop condition and a dispensing condition and comprises a valve (8) ; said control unit (10) is configured to actuate each nozzle or opening (7) in said dispensing condition with a succession of duty cycles in which the valve (8) can be selectively opened or closed so that the flow of material granular dispensed is proportional to the length of the opening intervals within each duty cycle.
    [7]
    Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the valve (8) comprises a conduit that extends along its own main direction to an outlet mouth, corresponding to the nozzle or opening (7); comprising said conduit at least one deformable wall movable between an operating position, where it determines the creation of a restriction in the duct that prevents the flow of granular material towards the outlet, and a rest position, where it allows the flow of printing material towards the outlet.
    [8]
    Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the distribution station (2) further comprises a movement system (16) configured to determine a relative movement between said distribution elements (5) and said plane (4) along said longitudinal direction (X); said control unit (10) being configured to calibrate an advance speed of said movement system (16) depending on the shape of said final distribution (FD) and on a predetermined compaction ratio of said granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4).
    [9]
    Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said movement system (16) comprises a conveyor belt (17) that defines said deposition plane (4) and can be moved along said longitudinal direction ( X) between a first end (17a) and a second end (17b), where said second end (17b) faces the compaction station (3) to discharge the preliminary distribution (PP) into said cassette (11).
    [10]
    Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said compaction station (3) comprises a discharge device (12) configured to release the granular material within the cassette in a plane of the conveyor (12a).
    [11]
    Apparatus according to claims 8 and 10, characterized in that said unloading device (12) comprises a mobile conveyor (13) parallel to said longitudinal direction (X), where said control unit (10) is configured to calibrate a speed of movement of said conveyor (13) in accordance with said speed of advance of said movement system (16).
    [12]
    Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that said control unit (10) is configured to keep the speed of movement of the conveyor (13) lower than the speed of advance of the movement system (16).
    [13]
    Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said cassette (11) has a parallelepiped shape that develops along a first, a second and a third dimension, orthogonal to each other, where the first dimension corresponds to a thickness of the slab or tile to be manufactured and has a significantly smaller extension compared to the second and third dimensions; said cassette (11) comprising a feeding mouth (11a) having an extension defined by said first and said second dimensions and facing said distribution station (2) to receive the granular material by gravity.
    [14]
    Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that said cassette (11) has a first pair of lateral walls (14) orthogonal to the feeding mouth (11a) and defined by the second and third dimensions of the cassette (11) , where at least one of said side walls (14) slides at least partially along a direction of advance parallel to the third dimension.
    [15]
    Apparatus according to claims 8 and 14, characterized in that said control unit (10) is configured to calibrate a sliding speed of said at least one side wall (14) according to said advance speed of said movement system (16).
    [16]
    Apparatus according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that both walls of the first pair (14) of side walls are defined at least partially by a belt (14a ', 14a ") or a conveyor movable along the third dimension and selectively actuated by the control unit (10).
    [17]
    17. Apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that said cassette (11) includes:
    - a first belt (14a ') or conveyor movable along the third dimension and provided with a rectilinear section (20) that defines the wall of the first pair (14) proximal to the distribution station (2);
    - a second belt (14a ") or conveyor facing the first belt (14a ') to define a wall of the first pair (14) distal to the distribution station (2), wherein said second belt (14a') comprises preferably a first rectilinear section (21), extending along the third dimension and defining said wall, and a second section (22), preferably also rectilinear and transverse to the first section (21).
    [18]
    Apparatus according to any of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that said cassette (11) has a first pair (14) of lateral walls orthogonal to the feeding mouth (11a) and that define the second and third dimensions of the cassette (11) and a second pair (15) of side walls defining the first and third dimensions of the cassette (11); said walls (14) of said first pair and / or the walls (15) of said second pair being mutually movable towards and away from each other to adjust said first and said second dimensions of the cassette (11).
    [19]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that said cassette (11) comprises, in at least one side wall of the first pair (14), a curved end portion (18a).
    [20]
    20. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that both walls of the first pair (14) have respective curved end portions (18a, 18b) substantially parallel to each other to keep the mutual distance equal to a first dimension (b) of the cassette (11).
    [21]
    21. Apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that said curved portion 18a has its own radius of curvature, or a greater radius of curvature (c), where the relationship between the first dimension (b) of the cassette (11 ) and the largest radius of curvature (b) is between 0.2 and 0.66, preferably between 0.2 and 0.33.
    [22]
    22. Apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that, as an alternative: - the cassette (11) has a first dimension (b) less than or equal to 40 mm and the relationship between the first dimension (b) and the radius of major curvature (c) is between 0.2 and 0.66, or
    - the cassette (11) has a first dimension (b) greater than 40 mm and the relationship between the first dimension (b) and the greater radius of curvature (c) is between 0.25 and 0.33.
    [23]
    23. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a bulkhead (19) located along a path of fall of the granular material from the distribution station (2) towards a relative feeding mouth (11a ) in front of it.
    [24]
    24. Method of feeding granular material to a plant for the production of slabs or tiles, which comprises the following stages:
    - providing a deposition plane (4) extending along at least one longitudinal direction (X) and at least one transverse direction (Y);
    - providing a plurality of distribution elements (5) configured to distribute in said plane (4) a plurality of granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4) different from each other in terms of coloration and / or granulometry;
    - providing at least one receiving cassette (11) at least partially shaped like the slab or tile to be manufactured;
    - distributing said granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4) in said plane (4) according to a preliminary distribution (PD);
    - unloading said preliminary distribution into said cassette (11) so that the granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4) are compacted and removed according to a final compacted distribution (FD);
    characterized in that said distribution of the granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4) is made according to the shape of said final distribution (FD) and with a predetermined compaction ratio of said granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4).
    [25]
    25. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that it involves the following steps:
    - acquiring an image (IM) representative of said final distribution (FP) of the granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4);
    - correlating one or more colors of said image (IM) with said coloration of said granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4);
    - operating said distribution station (2) according to said correlation.
    [26]
    26. Method according to claim 25, characterized in that said correlation step is carried out by assigning to each color detected in the image (IM) a predetermined combination of one or more colorants of the granular materials (P1, P2, P3, P4 ).
    [27]
    27. Method according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that said distribution elements (5) each comprise at least one set (6) of dispensing nozzles or openings (7) of the relative granular material (P1, P2, P3 , P4) arranged in succession along said transverse direction (Y) and operable independently of each other, where each nozzle or opening (7) of a set (6) is configured to distribute granular material (P1, P2, P3, P4 ) over a predetermined operating area that has a predetermined surface extent; said method providing a step of recalibrating a definition of said acquired image as a function of the number of nozzles or apertures (7) of each set (6) and the surface extent of the operative area of each nozzle or aperture (7).
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    WO2005068146A2|2004-01-08|2005-07-28|Sacmi Cooperativa Meccanici Imola Societa' Cooperativa|Method and plant for prearranging powders for forming ceramic tiles or slabs|
    ES2325031T3|2005-04-25|2009-08-24|Thai Ceramic Co., Ltd.|DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CONTINUOUS VETEATES OF DESIRED MODELS THAT EXTEND THROUGH THE WHOLE THICKNESS OF A PRODUCT AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS.|
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    法律状态:
    2021-09-23| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2855030 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20210923 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    IT201800008775|2018-09-20|
    PCT/IB2019/057898|WO2020058891A1|2018-09-20|2019-09-19|Apparatus and method for feeding granular material to a plant for the production of slabs or tiles|
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